In July, 196 UN members agreed the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration.

It was signed by 164 countries in Marrakech last week, with the US and a number of European states - including Austria, Hungary, Italy, Poland and Slovakia - refusing to formally adopt the agreement. 

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The deal, which is not legally binding, seeks an international approach to migration that "reaffirms the sovereign rights of states to determine their national migration policy" and asserts the "fundamental" importance of legal migration. 

But critics in Europe believe it will lead to increased immigration to the continent.

Media captionUN reaches migrant deal - every country was involved in negotiations except the US

Image copyrightREUTERS

Image captionSome protesters tore down street signs and threw objects at the police

Image copyrightEPA

Image captionAuthorities used mounted police and water cannon against some of the protesters

Image copyrightREUTERS

Image captionAround 5,500 people reportedly took part in the protests

More and more countries in Europe have clamped down on migration in recent years.

Doctors Without Borders (MSF) was forced to cancel its migrant rescue operations in the Mediterranean in December after repeated battles with Italy. 

And in June, Hungary made it illegal to help asylum seekers.